Govt of india act 1935. Government of India Act 1935 2022-10-30
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The Government of India Act 1935 was a major reform of the administrative and constitutional structure of British India. It was passed by the British Parliament in 1935 and came into effect in 1937, after being delayed by the outbreak of World War II. The Act was the longest and most detailed of all the constitutional acts passed by the British Parliament for the governance of India. It was also the last major constitutional reform before India gained independence in 1947.
The Act was intended to provide a new constitutional framework for India that would give greater autonomy to the provinces and reduce the central government's control over them. It also introduced a system of government that was based on a federal structure, with a weak central government and strong provincial governments.
One of the major provisions of the Act was the establishment of a bicameral central legislature, consisting of the Council of States and the Federal Assembly. The Council of States was composed of 260 members, with representation from the provinces, the princely states, and the British Indian territories. The Federal Assembly was composed of 375 elected members and 125 nominated members, with representation based on population.
The Act also introduced a system of dyarchy, which divided the powers and responsibilities of the provinces between the governor and the ministers. The governor was appointed by the British Crown and had the power to veto legislation passed by the provincial legislature. The ministers, on the other hand, were responsible for the administration of the provinces and were elected by the provincial legislature.
In addition to these changes, the Act also introduced a number of other reforms, including the establishment of a public service commission, the introduction of separate electorates for Muslims, the establishment of a federal court, and the introduction of a system of indirect elections for the selection of the members of the federal legislature.
Overall, the Government of India Act 1935 was a significant step towards the decentralization of the Indian administration and the devolution of power to the provinces. It also laid the foundations for the development of a federal system of government in India, which was eventually realized after independence in 1947.
Government of India Act, 1935
Country is called bharatmata for worshiping as well as for milking. This may be true, but the analogy itself is false. Govt of India Act 1935 tried to consolidate the Princely States to establish a Federation of India. All other subjects were transferred. In reckoning any such period of six months as is referred to in this subsection, no account shall be taken of any time during which the Legislature is prorogued or during which both Chambers are adjourned for more than four days. Testbook provides comprehensive notes for many competitive examinations. It was to be composed of 260 members of which 156 were to be representatives of British India while 101 of the Indian states.
WHY DID THE ACT FAIL? However, the houses were to work under many restrictions. Also, voting rights were limited to only 10% of the population, not making the government democratic. The act was implemented and formed from the sources like the Simon Commission Report, the three roundtable conferences etc. Every minister, every counsellor and the Rights of Advocate-General shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, either Chamber, any joint sitting of the Chambers, and any committee of the Legislature of which he may be named a member, but shall not by virtue of this section be entitled to vote. Bharatmata ki jai — is the mantra for milking and worshiping, both.
Modern History Simplified: Government of India Act of 1935
. This arrangement has been retained in the present-day Constitution of India under the Seventh Schedule. It paved the way for the Independence of India and the formation of the constitution thereafter. You too will realize this. However, the paternalistic threat of the intervention by the British governor rankled Indian nationalists. Ace your UPSC preparation with Testbook.
Conclusion The 1935 Act was condemned by nearly all sections and unanimously rejected by the Congress. Of greater concern for purposes of this dissertation is the re-introduction of bicameralism. The Government Act 1935 was based on the reports of Simon Commission, 3rd Round Table Conference and the White Paper of 1933. They were given independent financial powers and resources. Govt of India Act 1935 added a third list for concurrent subjects and placed the residuary powers with the Viceroy. Secretary of state provided with team of 15 members.
It isconsidered to be one of the longest pieces of legislation passed by the British parliament - parliamentary debates around the Act involved 2000 speeches. The idea of dyarchy was imposed so that better administration could be done and the governor general was appointed to look after and coordinate among the two parts of the government. United States: 2000 2 India: A History. Birla wanted the Viceroy to help Gandhi by persuading several Princes to move towards the democratic election of representatives. Thus, contrary to their official position that the British would look favourably on the democratization of the Princely States, their plan required that the States remain autocratic. The Act of 1935 made a marked advance from the Constitution.
This speech reflected the point of view of the die-hard Tories who were horrified by the prospect that someday there might be a Viceroy appointed by a Labour government. A bicameral legislature is seen across the political divide as an effective means to check the excesses of unicameralism that had projected the country into both socio-economic and political dark past. This is broadly explained within two categories. Henceforth, they derived their legal authority directly from the British crown. That Act's preamble quoted, and centred on, the statement of the Indian demands were by now centring on British India achieving constitutional parity with the existing This tension between and within Indian and British views resulted in the clumsy compromise of the 1935 Act having no preamble of its own but keeping in place the 1919 Act's preamble even while repealing the remainder of that Act.
The British East India Company ruled over Indians for over 200 long years before the Indians were granted Independence in August 1947. The unfairness of this arrangement is clear when one considers the dominant position of British capital in much of the Indian modern sector and the complete dominance, maintained through unfair commercial practices, of UK shipping interests in India's international and coastal shipping traffic and the utter insignificance of Indian capital in Britain and the non-existence of Indian involvement in shipping to or within the UK. In fact, the Congress High Command was able to control the provincial ministries and to force their resignation in 1939. It carried out a lot of constructive work for the welfare of the people, restored civil liberties, and threatened British officials involved in repression of severe action. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT ACT OF 1935 AND 1919: Â Â Â Â GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT 1935 Â Â Â Â Â Â GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT 1919 1 The act did not talk about the preamble.
Difference Between Govt Of Indian Act 1919 And 1935 [jlk9pzqvg845]
If a person sits or votes as. Remarks The Government of IndiaAct was passed by the British parliament in 1935 and came into effect in 1937. Bharatmata is bharatgavi also. This was termed the All India federation. He retained discretionary powers wrt minorities, civil services, tribal areas, princely states, etc. These subjects included defence, ecclesiastical affairs church-related , external affairs, press, police, taxation, justice, power resources and tribal affairs. The Constitution resurrected the senate, transforming Kenya into a bicameral system for the first time since the 1960s.
The federal Legislature was to consist of members elected from British provinces and Members nominated by the princely states. It was hoped that the gerrymandered federation, encompassing units of such hugely different sizes, sophistication and varying forms of government from the autocratic Princely States to democratic provinces, could provide the basis for a viable state. The parts of the Act intended to establish the Federation of India never came into operation, due to opposition from rulers of the princely states. Under the Act You shall have nothing to do with external affairs. Once a policy is laid down they will carry it out loyally and faithfully… We could not help it. WHAT ARE THE FEATURES OF THE ACT? You shall have nothing to do, or, for all practical purposes in future, you shall have nothing to do with your currency and exchange, for indeed the Reserve Bank Bill just passed has a further reservation in the Constitution that no legislation may be undertaken with a view to substantially alter the provisions of that Act except with the consent of the Governor-General….
