Sporosarcina morphology. Sporosarcina 2022-10-31

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Sporosarcina is a genus of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria that are commonly found in soil and water environments. These bacteria are known for their ability to produce spores, which are specialized cells that allow them to survive in harsh conditions and disperse to new locations. The morphology, or physical characteristics, of Sporosarcina bacteria can vary depending on the species and the conditions in which they are grown.

One key feature of Sporosarcina bacteria is their rod-like shape, which ranges from straight to slightly curved. They are typically 1-5 micrometers in length and 0.5-1.0 micrometers in diameter. The cell walls of Sporosarcina bacteria are thick and contain a high amount of peptidoglycan, which gives them a gram-positive stain when examined under a microscope.

In addition to their rod-like shape, Sporosarcina bacteria also have several other notable features. They are often found in clusters or chains, and may produce a slimy or mucoid exopolysaccharide layer on their surface. This layer helps the bacteria adhere to surfaces and form biofilms, which can protect them from environmental stresses.

Sporosarcina bacteria are also known for their ability to produce spores, which are highly resistant to environmental stresses such as heat, drying, and radiation. These spores are produced inside a special structure called the sporangium, which is located at the end of the bacterial cell. When the conditions become unfavorable for the bacteria, the sporangium ruptures and releases the spores, which can then germinate and grow into new cells once the conditions improve.

In addition to their morphological features, Sporosarcina bacteria have several other characteristics that make them interesting to researchers. They are often found in soil and water environments, and are known to be involved in the nitrogen cycle by converting nitrogen gas into a form that can be used by plants. Some species of Sporosarcina are also known to produce enzymes that can break down hydrocarbons, making them of interest for bioremediation efforts.

Overall, the morphology of Sporosarcina bacteria is characterized by their rod-like shape, ability to produce spores and biofilms, and presence in various environmental niches. Understanding the morphological and physiological features of these bacteria can help researchers better understand their role in the environment and potential applications in fields such as bioremediation and agriculture.

Sporosarcina

sporosarcina morphology

No explanation was found for this phenomenon. The 16S rRNA gene analysis predicts the closest neighbor is the bacilli-shaped S. The agar column method allows for in-situ visualization of the phenomena, and using this platform, we found conclusive evidence of the bacterial cell surface facilitating formation of nanoscale crystals in the microenvironment. As more genomes are becoming sequenced, the definition of what constitutes a prokaryotic species is being challenged. It provides strong support for the hypothesis that bacterial cell surfaces can serve as nucleation sites for CaCO 3 precipitation or the MICP phenomenon. In the soil, nitrogen is very limited for plants, bacteria and other microbes, therefore there is a high level of competition for available nitrogen. Single-cell level electron microscopy and detailed elemental analysis were used to explore initial stages of CaCO 3 precipitation.

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Sporosarcina Bacteria Identification

sporosarcina morphology

The purpose of this experiment exercise was to identify the genus of the swabbed microorganism sample unknown bacterial culture through series of biochemical, cultural characteristics, and studied staining procedures such as Catalase, Oxidase, Starch hydrolysis, Casein, Urea, an Gelatin hydrolysis for independent identification of genus from a bacterial culture that is unknown Kim et al. Based on the presumptive findings and identification characteristics such as metabolism, biochemical cycling, and cell morphology, the identity of the environment isolate was determined to be a bacteria of genus Sporosarcina. Nucleic Acid Res 47:W52—W58. As the isolated colonies of bacteria, Sporosarcina are either occurring in psychrophilic or psychrotrophic form. All the liquid cultures were incubated in aerobic conditions at 30°C with an orbital shaker operated at 120 rpm. Name and taxonomic classification Last LPSN update 07-12-2022 DD-MM-YYYY Domain Bacteria" Phylum Bacillota Class Bacilli Order Caryophanales Family Caryophanaceae Genus Sporosarcina Species Sporosarcina contaminans Full Scientific Name PNU Sporosarcina contaminans Kämpfer et al.

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Sporosarcina koreensis F73

sporosarcina morphology

The tree was built using FastTree and visualized in iTOL Full size image General genomic characteristics of cocci-shaped Sporosarcina strains The 28 cocci-shaped Sporosarcina strains sequenced in the study and the previously sequenced S. During the same period, the meso-scale environment bulk medium was found to have overgrown calcium carbonate crystals. PLoS ONE 14 1 : e0210339. However, analysis failed to find a direct correlation between distance isolated and 16S rRNA gene similarity. A plausible mechanism is schematically represented Figure B in S. Results For this study, we sequenced 28 genomes of cocci-shaped Sporosarcina strains isolated from 13 different locations around the world.


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Sporosarcina soli I80

sporosarcina morphology

Interestingly, core genome analysis of all 29 cocci-shaped Sporosarcina strains at a 90% identity cutoff established only 221 core genes or only about 7% of the total genome Fig. The precipitated DNA was transferred and again re-suspended in 200 μl EB buffer by incubating at 37 °C overnight. The zoomed in image d showing orthorhombic crystal structure of precipitates e precipitation induced by Urease EC 3. SEM images showing the effects of culture conditions on precipitate morphology. Authors also thankfully acknowledged the TEM facility of the Department of Biological Science, University of Alberta.

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Sporosarcina ureae

sporosarcina morphology

DSM 2281, revealed some general genomic characteristics of the cocci-shaped Sporosarcina. Table 1: Various experiments performed and the outcomes compared to known controls. It has also been found that Sporosarcina possess menaquinone systems Claus and Fahmy 1986 so identification of the these could contribute to a positive identification. Spore genes found in B. The sporulation gene tree also generated the same shifts in the relationships between strains within the same clades as the accessory gene tree Data not shown. STEM and extracted line profile of CaCO 3 deposited on S. Samples of the agar column at different locations were taken and subjected to microscopy and we found that the crystal train consisted of calcite microspheres, which on closer inspection were found to be an aggregate of needle-like nanoscale crystals.

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Sporosarcina Genus Identification of Bacterial Culture

sporosarcina morphology

There are also a variety of other tests that could be used to confirm the identity of Sporosarcina. Discussion Using colony morphology, cell morphology and gram-stain, the possible identity of the bacteria was first narrowed to the genera Micrococcus, Sporosarcina, Staphylococcus, Sarcina, and Arthrobacter Egger 2010. For example, P33, P35, and P37 were grouped into clade 1 with 100% pairwise identity with each other, and 99. These 41 spore-related genes may be critical drivers of the diversity of these strains, as phylogenetic relatedness analysis based on all 66 of the spore-related genes generated a phylogenetic tree nearly identical to that of the core genome. The primary advantage of the agar-column experimental setup is in-situ visualization and easy access for supporting characterizations.

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Sporosarcina pasteurii can form nanoscale calcium carbonate crystals on cell surface

sporosarcina morphology

Both core and accessory gene diversity failed to correlate with the nutritional growth requirements or location of isolation for the strains. Tests for oxygen tolerance indicated an aerobic or microaerophilic bacteria, although there was no oxidase or catalase activity Table 1. Agar column study To understand growth of S. Ultimately, the global distribution of cocci-shaped Sporosarcina strains appears to be similar to the genus Sporosarcina as a whole. Note that changes will be reviewed and judged. Thus, the morphology of the crystals can provide important clues about the precipitation pathway.


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Real

sporosarcina morphology

STEM-BF and DF images and EDS elemental mapping on single S. In fact, it is not until the distant clades including S. Sporosarcina genomes averaged 57 strain-specific genes, but the amount varied widely. The sequences were aligned using SILVA, and refined using MUSCLE. The pan genome has 8610 genes using 30% identity across 70% of the gene as cutoff parameters Phylogenetic tree of the cocci-shaped Sporosarcina strains based on the core genome, and rooted based on the 16S rRNA gene tree. Funding: AK acknowledges partial support from NSERC, Canada.

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Sporosarcina saromensis sp. nov., an aerobic endospore

sporosarcina morphology

Finally, the alignments between the different genomes were generated and visualized using the program ACT v13. The negative result of the catalase test is also problematic. The average cocci-shaped Sporosarcina genome is 3. In fact, it was identical to the phylogenetic tree generated by the accessory genes, and placed the strains into the exact same eight clades as both the core genome and accessory. Name and taxonomic classification Last LPSN update 07-12-2022 DD-MM-YYYY Domain Bacteria" Phylum Bacillota Class Bacilli Order Caryophanales Family Caryophanaceae Genus Sporosarcina Species Sporosarcina soli Full Scientific Name PNU Sporosarcina soli Kwon et al. Some species have the ability to decompose casein, gelatin, and tyrosin Claus and Fahmy 1986 , so testing for removal of these substance from medium may indicate Sporosarcina.


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