In Islam, Shariah refers to the divine law that governs the behavior and actions of Muslims. It is derived from a combination of sources, which include the Qur'an, the Hadith, and the Sunnah.
The Qur'an is the primary source of Shariah. It is the holy book of Islam, believed by Muslims to be the word of God as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad through the angel Gabriel. The Qur'an contains a wide range of guidance on topics such as worship, social interactions, and moral behavior. It also includes specific rules and regulations related to issues like inheritance, marriage, and financial transactions.
The Hadith is a collection of sayings, actions, and approvals attributed to the Prophet Muhammad. It is considered to be a secondary source of Shariah, as it provides additional detail and context to the teachings of the Qur'an. The Hadith is divided into two main categories: the sayings of the Prophet (Hadith Qudsi) and the deeds and sayings of the Prophet (Hadith Sunnah).
The Sunnah is the set of traditions and practices established by the Prophet Muhammad during his lifetime. It is considered to be an important source of Shariah, as it provides further guidance on how the teachings of the Qur'an should be applied in everyday life. The Sunnah is recorded in the Hadith, as well as in other sources such as the Sirah (biography of the Prophet Muhammad) and the Tafsir (commentary on the Qur'an).
In addition to the Qur'an, Hadith, and Sunnah, there are several other sources of Shariah that are recognized by different Islamic schools of thought. These include the consensus of the community (ijma), analogical reasoning (qiyas), and the principles of jurisprudence (usul al-fiqh).
The consensus of the community, or ijma, refers to the agreement of the Muslim community on a particular issue. This can be based on the Qur'an and Hadith, as well as the practice of the early Muslim community (the Sahabah).
Analogical reasoning, or qiyas, is the process of applying the principles and teachings of the Qur'an and Hadith to new situations or problems that may arise. It is based on the idea that the principles of Shariah are timeless and universal, and can be applied to any situation.
The principles of jurisprudence, or usul al-fiqh, are a set of rules and guidelines that are used to interpret and apply the Shariah. These principles are based on the Qur'an, Hadith, and the Sunnah, and are used to resolve legal disputes and to determine the correct course of action in a given situation.
In conclusion, the sources of Shariah in Islam are the Qur'an, the Hadith, and the Sunnah. These sources provide the foundation for the divine law that guides the behavior and actions of Muslims. In addition, there are several other sources of Shariah that are recognized by different Islamic schools of thought, including the consensus of the community, analogical reasoning, and the principles of jurisprudence.