Omission training psychology. Omission training results in more resurgence than alternative reinforcement. 2022-10-20
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Diktat is a German word that means "dictation" or "dictatorship." It is often used to refer to the harsh terms imposed on a defeated country by the victors in a war. In the context of Germany, the term diktat is most commonly associated with the Treaty of Versailles, which was signed at the end of World War I in 1919.
The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty between the Allied Powers (led by France, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and Germany. It was meant to bring an end to the war and to establish the terms under which the defeated Germany would be forced to pay reparations to the Allied Powers. The treaty also imposed severe limitations on Germany's military and territorial expansion.
Many Germans viewed the Treaty of Versailles as a diktat, or dictate, because they felt that the terms were imposed on them by the victorious Allies without any input from the German government or people. The treaty was seen as extremely harsh and punitive, and many Germans felt that their country had been humiliated and treated unfairly.
The resentment and anger that many Germans felt towards the Treaty of Versailles played a significant role in the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in the 1920s and 1930s. Hitler and the Nazis promised to restore Germany's honor and power, and they used the treaty as a rallying cry to mobilize support for their cause. Hitler came to power in 1933, and he quickly set about tearing up the Treaty of Versailles and rebuilding the German military. This ultimately led to World War II, which ended with the defeat of Germany and the imposition of another set of harsh terms in the form of the Potsdam Agreement.
In conclusion, the term diktat is closely associated with the Treaty of Versailles and its impact on Germany following World War I. Many Germans saw the treaty as a dictate imposed on them by the victorious Allies, and the resentment and anger that it generated played a significant role in the rise of the Nazi Party and the outbreak of World War II.
omission training
Direct observations in Experiment 2 revealed that, for subjects that were contacting the CS frequently when the omission contingency was introduced, reductions in signal contacts were accompanied by redistributions of behavior. Our use of translational research helps to further our understanding of resurgence before exposing clinical populations to potentially harmful conditions. A verbal stimulus or prompt is used at the beginning of the teaching trial. Decelerative treatment practices with persons who have mental retardation: A review of five years of the literature. Participant F engaged in nearly undifferentiated responding across exposures eight more responses during the component previously associated with DRA than the component previously associated with DRO; see Table 1. Behavioural Processes, 103, 315-319.
Omission training results in more resurgence than alternative reinforcement.
Partial reinforcement in autoshaping with pigeons. Future studies using multiple schedules to evaluate resurgence should interpret results considering the first component experienced following implementation of extinction and should be sure to counterbalance exposures across replications or subjects. Revista Mexicana de Analisis de la Conducta, 41, 269-288. Omission learning after instrumental pretraining: The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology Vol 51B 3 Aug 1998, 271-286. In the first experiment, subjects were exposed to omission training followed by autoshaping; these procedures were reversed in the second experiment. Comparing main and collateral effects of extinction and differential reinforcement of alternative behavior.
Omission training results in more resurgence than alternative reinforcement. During the extinction phase, the computer did not deliver points during either component. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 32, 9-23. In the second procedure, omission training, contact with the CS canceled the delivery of food scheduled for the end of that CS. Performance on learning to associate a stimulus with positive reinforcement.
Operant and Pavlovian factors in cross-response transfer of inhibitory stimulus control. Each 60-min session included three 20-min phases. Expectancy effects on omission evoked potentials in musicians and non-musicians: Psychophysiology Vol 42 2 Mar 2005, 191-201. Directed approach responses and positive conditioned suppression in the rat. An analogue evaluation of environmental enrichment: The role of stimulus preference.
Omission training and positive conditioned suppression in the rat
Figure 4 shows cumulative black-circle responding during extinction for participants D, E, and F. The relative rate of reinforcement across components was not strongly correlated with the extent to which greater resurgence was obtained in the DRO component, making it unlikely that the effects were due to differences in reinforcement rate alone. Extinction and reinforcement of alternative behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1976, 25, 451—462. Key-pecking was maintained in the baseline phase using a multiple variable interval VI 30-s schedule. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1968, 11, 1—8.
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 93, 293-312. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 1979, 5, 178—193. We used a multiple schedule embedded in a reversal design to evaluate resurgence during extinction phases that followed DRA or DRO. Method Participants and Setting One female and five male undergraduate students participated. Behavioural Processes, 124, 80-92. Points were assumed to function as a generalized conditioned reinforcer and were not exchangeable for any backup reinforcers. Although our obtained reinforcement rates were highly similar across components, future studies could manipulate the programmed or obtained reinforcement rates to evaluate the extent to which this parameter influences resurgence.
Response- independent reinforcement in the crow: Failure to obtain autoshaping or positive automaintenance. If our findings replicate with a socially significant behavior, it may be interesting to extend them further to situations in which resurgence is desirable. Effects of treatment integrity failures during differential reinforcement of alternative behavior: A translational model. Notably, Doughty et al. Participant C engaged in 13 more responses during the component previously associated with DRO than with DRA.
