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Nix v. Williams :: 467 U.S. 431 (1984) :: Justia US Supreme Court Center
United States, 251 U. Brewer, We granted certiorari, 423 U. On 24 December 1968 a ten year old girl was abducted from a YMCA in Des Moines and subsequently found dead. It is so ordered. Crews, The requirement that the prosecution must prove the absence of bad faith, imposed here by the Court of Appeals, would place courts in the position of withholding from juries relevant and undoubted truth that would have been available to police absent any unlawful police activity.
In the event that a retrial is instituted, it will be for the state courts in the first instance to determine whether particular items of evidence may be admitted. Thus, while the independent source exception would not justify admission of evidence in this case, its rationale is wholly consistent with, and justifies, our adoption of the ultimate or inevitable discovery exception to the exclusionary rule. New York, 360 U. Retrieved August 11, 2013. He contends that admitting the challenged evidence violated the Sixth Amendment whether it would have been inevitably discovered or not.
CHIEF JUSTICE BURGER delivered the opinion of the Court. Before he was taken into custody, Williams, as a recent escapee from a mental hospital who had just abducted and murdered a small child, posed a special threat to public safety. By contrast, the independent source doctrine -- allowing admission of evidence that has been discovered by means wholly independent of any constitutional violation -- rests on the rationale that society's interest in deterring unlawful police conduct and the public interest in having juries receive all probative evidence of a crime are properly balanced by putting the police in the same, not a worse, position that they would have been in if no police error or misconduct had occurred. Although he had previously marked off into grids only the highway maps of Poweshiek and Jasper Counties, Ruxlow had obtained a map of Polk County, which he said he would have marked off in the same manner had it been necessary for the search to continue. This case introduces the inevitable discovery doctrine, which postulates that if evidence will be inevitably discovered, the method in which it is obtained is not important. However, because this information was obtained unlawfully and in violation of his fundamental rights, it should not have been admissible in court.
The evidence asserted by Williams as newly discovered, i. The facts are unusually tragic; it involves an unusually clear violation of constitutional rights; and it graphically illustrates the societal costs that may be incurred when police officers decide to dispense with the requirements of law. This led the officer to the place where he dumped the body. Leaming told Williams he knew the body was in the area of Mitchellville - a town they would be passing on the way to Des Moines. Just think about it.
When Williams surrendered to police in Davenport, the search had been well under way. Suppression, in these circumstances, would do nothing whatever to promote the integrity of the trial process, but would inflict a wholly unacceptable burden on the administration of criminal justice. Beshear of Kentucky, William J. In Williams's second trial in Iowa state court, the prosecution adhered to the U. As they approached Mitchellville, Williams, without any further conversation, agreed to direct the officers to the child's body.
In light of the legitimate disagreement among individuals well versed in the law of criminal procedure who were given the opportunity for calm deliberation, it cannot be said that the actions of the police were taken in bad faith. They moved westward from Poweshiek County, in which Grinnell was located, into Jasper County. It therefore does no violence to the constitutional protections that the exclusionary rule is meant to enforce. Wade, Wong Sun v. As the Court II The constitutional violation that gave rise to the decision in Williams I is neither acknowledged nor fairly explained in the Court's opinion. He contends that Ruxlow's testimony was no more than " post hoc rationalization," and challenges Ruxlow's credibility.
Over time, changes have been made to safeguard citizens from false accusations and arrests. Appel, Deputy Attorney General of Iowa, argued the cause for petitioner. But when, as here, the evidence in question would inevitably have been discovered without reference to the police error or misconduct, there is no nexus sufficient to provide a taint and the evidence is admissible. The lawyer notified the Des Moines police of Williams' imminent surrender, and police officials, The Sixth Amendment guarantees that the conviction of the accused will be the product of an adversarial process, rather than the ex parte investigation and determination by the prosecutor. Retrieved August 11, 2013.
The majority opinion was written by Chief Justice The majority opinion found that an "inevitable discovery exception" to the exclusionary rule was constitutional, noting that such a rule was already standard practice in most state and federal courts. As they continued the drive to Des Moines, Williams asked whether the blanket had been found, and then directed the officers to a rest area in Grinnell where he said he had disposed of the blanket; they did not find the blanket. He concluded the conversation by saying: "I do not want you to answer me. Nor would suppression ensure fairness on the theory that it tends to safeguard the adversary system of justice. Ruxlow had organized and directed some 200 volunteers who were searching for the child's body.
At that time, one search team near the Jasper County-Polk County line was only two and one-half miles from where Williams soon guided Leaming and his party to the body. Briefs of Leading Cases in Law Enforcement: -. Court membership Chief Justice Associate Justices · · · · Case opinions Majority Burger, joined by White, Blackmun, Powell, Rehnquist, O'Connor Concurrence White Concurrence Stevens in the judgment Dissent Brennan, joined by Marshall Laws applied Nix v. Police surmised that Williams had left Pamela Powers or her body somewhere between Des Moines and the Grinnell rest stop where some of the young girl's clothing had been found. There are, however, a few exceptions to these legal rules. We granted the State's petition for certiorari, 461 U.
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