Child rearing theories are theories that attempt to explain how best to raise children in order to help them develop into healthy, well-adjusted adults. These theories have evolved over time, and there are many different approaches to child rearing. Some of the most influential child rearing theories include the following:
The Psychoanalytic Theory: Developed by Sigmund Freud, this theory suggests that children go through stages of development that are marked by conflicts between their desires and the demands of the outside world. Freud believed that these conflicts were resolved through a process called "sublimation," in which the child learns to channel their desires into more socially acceptable behaviors.
The Behaviorist Theory: This theory, developed by psychologist B.F. Skinner, suggests that children learn through reinforcement and punishment. According to this theory, children will repeat behaviors that are reinforced (either positively or negatively) and will stop behaviors that are punished.
The Cognitive-Developmental Theory: Developed by Jean Piaget, this theory suggests that children go through stages of development as they learn to think and understand the world around them. Piaget believed that children construct their own understanding of the world through their interactions with it, and that they learn through active exploration and problem-solving.
The Humanistic Theory: This theory, developed by psychologists Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers, suggests that children have an innate drive to grow and develop to their full potential. According to this theory, children need a supportive and nurturing environment in order to reach their full potential, and they need to be allowed to express their feelings and needs freely.
Each of these theories has its own strengths and weaknesses, and there is no one "right" way to raise children. Ultimately, the best approach to child rearing will depend on the individual needs and characteristics of the child, as well as the values and beliefs of the parent or caregiver.
3.3: Influences on Child Rearing Practices
The annoying sound stops when you exhibit the desired behavior, increasing the likelihood that you will buckle up in the future. A secure base is a parental presence that gives the child a sense of safety as he explores his surroundings. His work was heavily influenced by Freud, but he expressed the ideas in language that was more acceptable and approachable, and many who were influenced by his work never knew of the connection. A common trend for punishments are that good behaviours are rewarded and bad are ignored or punished but not in an authoritarian style. However, we need to be mindful that many studies are retrospective and based on the subjects answering questions on their own behaviour.
Dr. Benjamin Spock Life, Parenting Theories & Controversy
Make sure that children are not shamed when they touch the various parts of their bodies, that they are given loving supportive guidance. For example, if a student tips his chair backward and falls, leaving him hurt or embarrassed, this would be a natural consequence, because the hurt and embarrassment alone is a sufficient consequence for his misbehavior. The function of the ego is based on the reality principle—the idea that we must delay gratification of our basic motivations until the appropriate time with the appropriate outlet. Authoritarian parents are less affectionate than authoritative ones and some withdraw love to get their child to obey. Something as simple as refilling a drink must be done in a specific way.
This is an example of scaffolding. In China a study found that students from authoritarian families rated by their teacher were less socially competent, more aggressive and likely to be less accepted by their peers Chen et al 1997 and Zhou et al 2004. Second, he cleans up five toys. Psychological Science 12 5 : 353—359. If a child perceives authoritarian parenting as normal and mainstream, they may be less distressed by it.
Many parents create their own style from a combination of factors which can evolve over time as the child develops. Find Out How UKEssays. For instance, is a school climate is authoritative, children from authoritative families will find it easier to fit in and progress well Pellerin 2004. But fret not: what Portuguese parents lack in stringency when it comes to bed time or TV permissions, they more than make up for in backhand slap accuracy. NNNThis is an important resource for modern theories on processes of socialization and internalization. This repeated learning, and also through observation of what the parent usually does, will instigate imitation behaviour into the child, and later on develop the desired behaviour as modeled by the parent. In both instances, the adult left and the children were allowed to interact with Bobo on their own.
Braude, Topic: Youth, Quote Page 421, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. In Scandinavian and nordic culture, parenting, and education, ample time outdoors, regardless of the weather, is prioritized. Skinner used shaping to teach pigeons not only relatively simple behaviors such as pecking a disk in a Skinner box, but also many unusual and entertaining behaviors, such as turning in circles, walking in figure eights, and even playing ping pong; this technique is commonly used by animal trainers today. Authoritarian parents focus on shaping, restricting and controlling the behaviour of their children with strict guidelines on right and wrong and insisting the child has total respect for authority. He defined attachment as the affectional bond or tie that infants form with their mother. Much of his advice is still followed today, however, science has discredited some of his work, including the idea of putting infants to sleep on their stomach.
How We Come to Understand Changes Why is it important to study how children grow, learn and change? These smaller steps should be in sequence of completing the entire desired task. The ego is the largely conscious controller or decision-maker of personality. Learn More Uninvolved parents do not create many rules for their children and show little responsiveness to their children's needs. His mother came from an affluent background and raised six children, with Spock being the oldest. In 1955 Jacob M.
He was an active young man, rowing on the gold medal team in the 1924 Olympics. Rousseau is more in favour of gradual parenting, while Locke is more in favour of deliberate cultivation. Remember that in order for reinforcement to work, the organism must first display the behavior. This tradition still holds, irrespective of the places you visit in Africa. Ruth Chao has argued that the Chinese version of authoritarian parenting is fundamentally different and that Chinese authoritarian parents have closer relationships with their children compared to Western authoritarians.
Benjamin Spock, a pediatric doctor and author of best selling books about child-rearing. These three aspects go beyond the fabrics of positive and negative reinforcements, as applied in conditioning. Research has shown that a common act of authoritarianism, such as shaming a child for poor performance, can actually make the child perform even worse Kamins and Dweck 1999. The book The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care impacted how American children were being raised. The id is why we smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol, view pornography, tell mean jokes about people, and engage in other fun or harmful behaviors, often at the cost of doing more productive activities. Google News Archive Three stories told by the regional Scout leader brought continuous laughs from the group. You know more than you think you do.
