The Walam Olum, also known as the "Red Score," is a controversial set of symbols and pictographs that purport to record the history and migrations of the Lenape, a Native American tribe that lived in the Northeastern United States. The name "Walam Olum" means "red record" in the Lenape language.
The Walam Olum was first discovered by a Dutch linguist named Constantine Rafinesque in 1836. Rafinesque claimed that the symbols were written in an ancient Lenape script and that they recorded the tribe's history and migrations over a period of several thousand years.
However, the authenticity of the Walam Olum has been the subject of much debate and scrutiny. Many scholars believe that the symbols are a hoax, and that Rafinesque fabricated the text in order to further his own career. There are several reasons for this skepticism.
First, the text of the Walam Olum does not match the known history and customs of the Lenape tribe. The symbols and pictographs depict events and rituals that are not consistent with what is known about the Lenape culture.
Second, the text of the Walam Olum contains several historical inaccuracies and inconsistencies. For example, the symbols depict the Lenape as having a highly advanced civilization that was in contact with other ancient cultures, such as the Egyptians and the Greeks. This is highly unlikely, given that the Lenape were a relatively small and isolated tribe that lived in the Northeastern United States.
Finally, there is no physical evidence to support the authenticity of the Walam Olum. There are no known artifacts or other materials that can be linked to the text, and the symbols themselves have not been found on any other objects or structures.
In conclusion, the Walam Olum is a controversial and mysterious text that has sparked much debate among scholars and researchers. While some believe that it is a genuine record of the Lenape tribe's history, the majority of evidence suggests that it is a hoax created by Constantine Rafinesque.
Talk:Walam Olum
Namesuagipek pokhapockhapek guneunga waplanewa ouken waptumewi ouken. All the cabin fires of that land were disquieted, and all said to their priest, "Let us go. Lappinup Kitanitowit manito manitoak. If not an original Lenape epic, where did the tale come from? The symbols each stood for a verse in the Lenape epic, and Rafinesque said that he obtained the actual 183 verses two years later from whom is unknown. They walk and walk, all of them.
Maskanako shingalusit nijini essopak shawelendamep eken shingalan. Wtenk nekama sakimanep janoto enolowin. The robbers, the snakes, the evil men, the stone men. Davis, Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley, Terry A. Akhokink wapaneu wemoltin palliaal kitelendam aptelendam. Kshipehelen penkwihilen, Kwamipokho sitwalikho, Maskan wagan palliwi palliwi. Constantine Rafinesque According to the 19th-century scholar Constantine Rafinesque, an ancient Lenape Delaware Indian tradition preserved the memory of the tribe crossing the frozen Bering Strait from Asia into America thousands of years ago.
The most egregious example is the Lenni Lenape migration saga, 'Walam Olum', which has perplexed scholars for one and a half centuries. Wemilo kolawil sakima lissilma. There may be some actual indigenous content in this text, but in retrospect this is either a unique outcropping of Old World mythology in an improbable location, or a 19th Century forgery. Constitution: the way in which a thing is composed; physical make-up; structure Sentence: "The Iroquois constitution outlines a system of laws and principles. He then, became the mentor of the Five Nations.
All had cheerful knowledge, all had leisure, all thought in gladness. Akolaki shawanaki, kitshinaki shabiyaki. The work includes full cross-references, giving alternate titles, editors, reviews, and related publications, and it includes a detailed index organized by language group and topic. After the Seizer there were ten chiefs, and there was much warfare south and east. Constantine Samuel Rafinesque: A Voice in the American Wilderness. Priest drew Rafinesque's ire by taking his research and using it to support these wild claims. But the study revealed how problematic the Walum Olam was, and some prominent archaeologists began rejecting it.
Still, many scholars took the Walam Olum as genuine, if historically inaccurate. But mixed in with genuine Lenape words were others borrowed by Rafinesque from other Indian languages, Aztec, and even Chinese. Amokolon nallahemen agunouken pawasinep wapasinep akomenep. After him, Keeping-Guard was chief of that people. Wtenk nekama sakimanep tasukamend shakagapipi. Witehen wemiluen wemaken nihillen.
Wapanaki namesaki, pemapaki sisilaki. In this landmark book, experienced scholars take a retrospective look at the developing routes that have brought American archaeologists into the 21st century. Wemiako yagawan tendki lakkawelendam nakopowa wemi owenluen atam. . Wtenk manito jinwis lennowak mukom. In the original manuscript, Oestricher found that Rafinesque had repeatedly crossed out Lenape words, replacing them with ones that better matched his English "translation.
All beings were then friendly. The Walam Olum origin myth involves an act of creation of all things by a 'Manitou', who subsequently battles an evil 'Magician' who brings death, disease and bad weather into the world. The second chapter is a story of a flood. Other Delaware tribes are adamant that the Walam Olum is a white man's hoax. Owiniwak angelatawiwak chichankwak wemiwak. Reply to Harry Monesson Regarding the Walam Olum, Bulletin of the Archaeological Society of New Jersey 52:98—99.
Pictographs: is a picture or symbol standing for a word or group of words Sentence: "Originally it consisted of a long series of pictographs explaining the origin of the Delaware people such as a result of the actions of a manito, or spirit. Brinton, 1885 Rafinesque found another Lenape Historian who could say, in Lenape, the verses for the pictographs. In his "Historical sketch of the Cherokee" at the beginning of the work he attempts to adduce the origins of the term 'Cherokee:' ". All this took place of old on the earth, beyond the great tide-water, at the first. Shawaniwaen chilili, wapaniwaen tamakwi. Sayewis hallemiwis nolemiwi elemamik Kitanitowit-essop.
Hackung kwelik owanaku wak yutali Kitanitowit-essop. Nihillapewin komelendam lowaniwi wemiten chihillen maniaken. Further, he said that the supposedly "Lenape" pictographs were hybrids from published Walam Olum in hopes of winning the international Prix Volney contest hosted in Later David Oestreicher wrote that he had received a direct communication from Joe Napora. The Algonquian Spirit, Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2005. He gave the first mother, the mother of beings. The strongest, the most united, the purest, were the hunters. Interest in the intellectual history of the field is certainly nothing new-the first such volume appeared in 1856-but previously, focus has been on individuals and their theories and methods, or on various government agencies that supported, developed, or mandated excavations in North America.
From Rafinesque's personal notes and a family legend, this Dr. Nguttichin lowaniwi, Nguttichin wapaniwi, Agamunk topanpek Wulliton epannek. Those of the north agreed, Those of the east agreed. Ward of Indiana" acquired the materials in 1820 from a Lenape patient in return for a medical cure, and eventually passed them on to Rafinesque. Stephen Williams and David Browman. But very secretly an evil being, a mighty magician, came on earth, 21.
