Turabian style, also known as Chicago style, is a widely used citation style for writing research papers, particularly in the fields of history and social sciences. It is named after Kate L. Turabian, who wrote a manual for the University of Chicago Press on how to format research papers.
There are two main parts to Turabian style: the notes-bibliography style and the author-date style. The notes-bibliography style is commonly used in the humanities and involves the use of footnotes or endnotes, as well as a bibliography at the end of the paper. The author-date style is more common in the sciences and includes in-text citations with the author's name and the publication date in parentheses.
Below is an example of Turabian style using the notes-bibliography style:
In-Text Citation:
According to Smith (2010), "Turabian style is widely used in the humanities."1
Footnotes:
- John Smith, "Turabian Style Format," Journal of Citation Styles (2010), 45-67.
Bibliography: Smith, John. "Turabian Style Format." Journal of Citation Styles 45 (2010): 45-67.
In the notes-bibliography style, each time a source is cited in the text of the paper, a corresponding footnote or endnote is included at the bottom of the page or at the end of the paper. The footnote or endnote includes the full citation for the source, including the author's name, title of the work, publication information, and page numbers (if applicable).
The bibliography at the end of the paper includes all of the sources cited in the text, listed in alphabetical order by the author's last name. The bibliography includes all of the same information as the footnotes or endnotes, but is formatted differently.
It is important to follow the guidelines of Turabian style carefully to ensure that your paper is properly cited and easy for readers to understand. It is also important to consult your instructor or the Turabian manual for specific guidelines and requirements for your paper.