Noli Me Tangere, written by Philippine national hero Jose Rizal, is a novel that exposes the corruption, abuse of power, and injustice present in Philippine society during the Spanish colonial period. In chapters 11 through 20, Rizal delves further into the themes of religion, social class, and corruption as he follows the story of the main character, Juan Crisostomo Ibarra, also known as "Simoun," and his quest for justice and revenge.
In chapter 11, we see the hypocrisy of the religious authorities in the Philippines, as the friars use their position of power and influence to manipulate and exploit the people. The friars, particularly Father Damaso, are shown to be corrupt and self-serving, using their religious authority to enrich themselves and maintain their hold on the people. This is exemplified through the character of Maria Clara, the young woman who is being forced by the friars to become a nun against her will.
Chapter 12 introduces the theme of social class and its impact on society. The character of Elias, a poor and uneducated man, is contrasted with that of Simoun, a wealthy and educated man. While Elias is treated with disdain and disrespect by the upper class, Simoun is able to use his wealth and status to manipulate and control others. This contrast highlights the unfairness and inequality present in Philippine society, as those with power and wealth are able to wield disproportionate influence over those who are poor and disadvantaged.
In chapters 13 through 15, we see the theme of corruption continue to be explored as Simoun becomes more embroiled in his plan for revenge. He uses his wealth and connections to gather a group of supporters, including Elias, and begins plotting to overthrow the government and bring about change. However, Simoun's actions also reveal the corrupting influence of power, as he becomes more ruthless and single-minded in his pursuit of his goals.
Chapter 16 introduces the character of Elías, a man who has been falsely accused of a crime and sentenced to death. His story serves as a commentary on the injustice and corruption present in the legal system, as Elías is unable to receive a fair trial due to the influence of the wealthy and powerful.
In chapter 17, we see the theme of religion continue to be explored as Simoun confronts Father Damaso, the friar who has caused him so much suffering. Simoun's encounter with Father Damaso serves as a commentary on the abuse of religious authority and the hypocrisy of the clergy.
Chapters 18 and 19 continue to delve into the themes of social class and corruption as Simoun's plan for revenge comes to a head. The rich and powerful, including Don Tiburcio and Don Custodio, are shown to be corrupt and self-serving, using their wealth and influence to maintain their positions of power. Simoun's plan for revenge, however, ultimately fails as he is betrayed by one of his supporters.
In chapter 20, we see the consequences of Simoun's actions as he is captured and sentenced to death. The chapter serves as a commentary on the brutal and oppressive nature of the colonial government and its willingness to use violence to maintain its hold on power.
Overall, the themes of religion, social class, and corruption are central to the story of Noli Me Tangere and are explored in depth in chapters 11 through 20. Rizal uses these themes to expose the injustice and oppression present in Philippine society during the Spanish colonial period and to call for reform and change.
