Muhammad of Ghor, also known as Muhammad Ghori, was a ruler and military general who lived in the 12th century. He was born in the city of Ghor, located in what is now modern-day Afghanistan, around 1150. At the time, Ghor was a small but powerful kingdom located on the eastern edge of the Muslim world.
Muhammad Ghori was the son of a local ruler named Fakhr al-Din Mas'ud, who was the ruler of Ghor and a member of the Ghurid dynasty. Muhammad Ghori received a traditional education and was trained in the art of war and politics. He was known to be intelligent and ambitious, and he quickly rose through the ranks to become a key military leader and advisor to his father.
In 1170, Muhammad Ghori launched his first military campaign against the neighboring kingdom of Khorasan, which was ruled by the Seljuk Turks. The Seljuks were a powerful Islamic dynasty that controlled much of the Middle East and Central Asia. Muhammad Ghori's army was able to defeat the Seljuks and capture several key cities, including Herat, Merv, and Nishapur.
Following his victory over the Seljuks, Muhammad Ghori turned his attention to the Hindu kingdoms of northern India. In 1175, he invaded the Kingdom of Gujarat and defeated the local ruler, Solanki Raja. He then moved on to conquer the Rajput Kingdom of Delhi and the Kingdom of Ajmer. By the end of his conquests, Muhammad Ghori had established a vast empire that stretched from Afghanistan to northern India.
Muhammad Ghori was a skilled military strategist and a visionary leader. He was known for his ability to adapt to changing circumstances and to take advantage of opportunities as they arose. He also was a patron of the arts and a patron of learning, and he encouraged cultural exchange between his empire and the Islamic world.
Muhammad Ghori's reign was not without controversy, however. He was accused of being cruel and ruthless in his treatment of conquered peoples, and he was criticized for his harsh treatment of prisoners of war. Despite these criticisms, Muhammad Ghori remains an important figure in the history of the Muslim world and is remembered as a military genius and a visionary leader.
Muhammad Ghori
After Aibak consildated the Ghurid rule in and around the Delhi doab, Muhammad of Ghor himself returned to India to further expand in the Ganga Valley. Second Battle of TarainMain article: Second Battle of Tarain The last stand of Rajputs, depicting the Second Battle of Tarain in 1192 After the defeat in Tarain, Muhammad of Ghor meted out severe punishments to the Ghurid, Khalji and Afghan "emirs" who fled during the battle. He carried out his first invasion of Multan in 1175 AD, started to rule India, and established a Muslim Empire in India. But he defeated them. Macmillan International Higher Education.
Biography of Muhammad Ghori (875 Words)
The Rajput army was unaware of the attack and not prepared to fight at all. Muhammad defeated the Qarmatian ruler Khafif in 1175 and annxed Multan. ADVERTISEMENTS: Towards the end of the 12th century, Mohammed Ghori, the ruler of Ghor, a small principality in Afghanistan, attacked and laid the foundation of the Muslim rule in India. Retrieved 28 July 2021. However, in 1192, Muhammad of Ghor returned with a vast army of Turkish mounted archers and secured a decisive victory on the same battleground and executed Prithviraj shortly afterwards. After this invasion, Qutab-ud-Din Aibak became the viceroy of Muhammad Ghori.
Shahab
Afterwards, Muhammad marched via Multan and Uch into present-day Gujarat in 1178, where his forces were routed at the foot of Mount Abu in the southern Aravali ranges by a coalition of Rajput chiefs led by Mularaja Solanki of Anhilwara, which forced him to change his route for future inroads into India. Despite the success against the Ghurids, Alauddin sent an envoy for diplomacy to Muhammad of Ghor, probably to focus solely on overcoming from the suzerainty of Qara Khitais by sougthing peace with the Ghurids. He was very firm in his objectives and achieved his motives with firm determination. Muhammad of Ghor suppressed the rebels which arose after the defeat and built a boat bridge across the Oxus to launch a full-scale invasion of Transoxiana to avenge his defeat, although a rebellion by the Khokhars forced him to move towards Punjab, where he brutually crushed the Khokhar revolt during his last campaign. He successfully conquered Bulandshahar, Meerut, Aligarh, etc and made Delhi as the capital of India in 1193. The Rajput army was eventually defeated and Prithviraj was taken prisoner and subsequently executed. Objects of Translation: Material Culture and Medieval "Hindu-Muslim" Encounter.
