The Marshall Court was a significant period in American history, named after Chief Justice John Marshall who served from 1801 to 1835. During this time, the Supreme Court made a series of landmark decisions that had far-reaching effects on the development of the United States and its Constitution.
One of the most famous decisions of the Marshall Court was Marbury v. Madison (1803). In this case, William Marbury sued Secretary of State James Madison for failing to deliver his appointment as a justice of the peace in the District of Columbia. The Court ruled in favor of Madison, stating that the portion of the Judiciary Act of 1789 which allowed Marbury to bring his case directly to the Supreme Court was unconstitutional. This established the principle of judicial review, giving the Supreme Court the power to declare federal laws unconstitutional.
Another important decision of the Marshall Court was McCulloch v. Maryland (1819). In this case, the state of Maryland attempted to impose a tax on the Bank of the United States, arguing that the bank was not authorized by the Constitution. The Court ruled in favor of the bank, stating that Congress had the implied power to create the bank as a means of carrying out its constitutional duties. This decision established the principle of implied powers, giving Congress the authority to pass any laws necessary and proper for carrying out its enumerated powers.
The Marshall Court also made significant decisions in the area of property rights. In Johnson v. M'Intosh (1823), the Court ruled that Native American tribes did not have the right to sell their land to private individuals, and that the federal government had the exclusive right to purchase Native American land. This decision had significant implications for Native American tribes, as it effectively deprived them of their right to sell their land and limited their ability to negotiate treaties with the federal government.
The Marshall Court also made significant decisions in the area of slavery. In Worcester v. Georgia (1832), the Court ruled that the state of Georgia had no authority to regulate the activities of Native Americans within its borders, as this was a matter for the federal government. This decision was seen as a victory for Native American rights, as it effectively invalidated Georgia's attempt to restrict the movement of Native Americans within the state.
Overall, the Marshall Court made a series of significant decisions that had far-reaching effects on the development of the United States and its Constitution. These decisions established important principles such as judicial review, implied powers, and the exclusive right of the federal government to purchase Native American land. These principles continue to shape the legal landscape of the United States to this day.
APUSH Marshall Court Cases Flashcards
The states naturally resisted ceding their traditional control over what they considered states' rights matters, leading the Court to invoke the Supremacy Clause and assert the federal government's dominance over the states. In 1810, this further expanded the meaning of the contract clause of the Constitution. Georgia, 1831 After the Cherokee Indian tribe sued the state of Georgia for forcing them to move and follow Georgia laws, the Marshall Court found that the Cherokees had no legal rights to sue the Federal Court. Daniel Webster defended the college, he argued that the charter was in fact a contract that was protected by the same doctrine that the court had already upheld in Fletcher v. Ogden upheld the authority of the federal government over the authority of state governments.
Woodward, and Gibbons v. It determined that Congress had not only the powers expressly conferred upon it by the Constitution but also all. A 2004 Looking forAP® US History practice? Hence, federalist judges therefore continued in office as a Democratic Republic president ran the country. Just know that the state of New York granted a monopoly to a boat company on the Hudson, which involved interstate trade between New York and New Jersey and raised the question of whether states could control interstate trade. In this court case in 1831, the Cherokees fought for defense against the Indian Removal Act and against the Georgia Legislature's nullification of Cherokee laws. Woodward Your task: Research the Marbury v. Madison 1803 Fletcher v.
GRE® is a registered trademark of Educational Testing Services ETS , which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product. SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse this product. Note: Know the difference between interstate trade and intrastate trade. Strengthened the federal judiciary by establishing for it power of judicial review, by which the federal courts could declare legislation, as well as executive and administrative actions, inconsistent with the U. The important question in this case was whether Congress had the power to give Gibbons a license to operate his ferry superseded the state of New York's power to grant Ogden a monopoly.
No the supreme court does not have the authority to order the delivery, but they can declare something unconstitutional. The importance of this case is that Marshall ruled that states could NOT control interstate trade and only Congress had this power. This case presented two constitutional questions to the Supreme Court: Could Congress charter a bank? However, when the case was taken to court, Marshall ruled that a charter is a contract, and contracts must be honored. ACT® is a registered trademark of ACT®, Inc. That depends on your perspective.
Constitution and therefore null and void. Gibbons then appealed to the Supreme Court. The significance of this case is that the Cherokees were not found to be a separate foreign nation and were still subject to state laws. In defending the power of the federal government, Marshall affirmed, and indeed expanded, the rights of tribes to remain free from the authority of the states. He used the high court to advance national supremacy, private property rights, and judicial review. It is probably more accurate to say Marshall helped strengthen the federal government at the expense of state sovereignty, but this was not uniformly bad for the people.
How did the decisions of the Marshall Court strengthen the Federal Government?
In defending the power of the federal government, he was also affirming and explaining the rights of the tribes to remain free from the authority of state governments. After the Republicans gained control of the New Hampshire government, they tried to revise the Dartmouth College charter, to make it a public school instead of private. Baltimore, 1833 , on the other hand, the Marshall Court declined to apply the Bill of Rights to the states, allowing the city of Baltimore to cause unreimbursed damages to an individual's business. Although this was a blow to the Cherokee case against Georgia, it cast doubt on the constitutionality of the Indian Removal Act. The Constitution provided a remedy for this predicted conflict in the form of the Interstate Commerce Clause, which allowed Congress to regulate interaction between the states.
List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Marshall Court
A federal circuit court ruled for Peck, and Fletcher appealed to the U. The appointment was for a Justice of the Peace position for William Marbury. Peck 1810 , the Supreme Court ruled that a grant to a private land company was a contract within the meaning of the Contract Clause of the Constitution, and once made could not be repealed. Under the notes, decide if the court case strengthen the central government or the state. Appointed by his cousin President John Adams, John Marshall was the fourth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, ruling from 1801 to 1835.
