Mahavira, also known as Vardhamana, was the 24th and final Tirthankara (Jain spiritual leader) of Jainism, a religion that originated in ancient India. He is considered to be the founder of the Jain religion and is revered as a deity by Jains.
Mahavira was born into a royal family in present-day Bihar, India in the 6th century BCE. At the age of 30, he renounced his royal lifestyle and became a monk, dedicating himself to a life of spiritual contemplation and asceticism. Mahavira traveled extensively, spreading the teachings of Jainism and attracting a large number of followers.
Jainism is a religion that emphasizes non-violence, non-possession, and self-control. Jains believe in the existence of multiple souls, and the ultimate goal of the religion is to achieve liberation of the soul from the cycle of reincarnation. This can be achieved through the practice of austerities, self-control, and the cultivation of knowledge and wisdom.
Mahavira's teachings focused on the importance of ahimsa, or non-violence, towards all living beings. He believed that all living beings, including animals and plants, have souls and should be treated with respect and compassion. This belief has had a significant influence on the development of Jainism and has contributed to the religion's emphasis on vegetarianism and environmentalism.
In addition to promoting non-violence, Mahavira also emphasized the importance of honesty, self-control, and the pursuit of knowledge. He believed that the pursuit of material wealth and possessions was ultimately futile and that true happiness and liberation could only be achieved through spiritual enlightenment.
Mahavira's teachings were recorded and compiled by his followers after his death, and they form the basis of the Jain canon, known as the Agamas. These texts contain the teachings and principles of Jainism, including the Five Great Vows, which are considered to be the fundamental principles of the religion.
Today, Jainism is a minority religion in India, with a significant presence in the western and southern parts of the country. However, it has a global following, with Jain communities found in many countries around the world. The teachings of Mahavira continue to be followed and revered by Jains, who consider him to be a symbol of spiritual enlightenment and wisdom.