The legal basis for the K to 12 curriculum in the Philippines can be traced back to Republic Act No. 10533, also known as the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013. This law aims to reform the country's basic education system by adding two more years to the existing 10-year basic education cycle. The K to 12 program includes Kindergarten and 12 years of elementary and secondary education.
The main objective of the K to 12 curriculum is to provide students with the knowledge and skills necessary for higher education, employment, and active citizenship. The curriculum focuses on developing the learners' competencies in the core subjects of languages, mathematics, science, and social studies, as well as in practical and applied subjects such as music, arts, physical education, and health.
The K to 12 curriculum also aims to promote the development of critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication skills, as well as to enhance the learners' awareness of their cultural identity and national heritage. The curriculum also aims to prepare students for the demands of the 21st century global economy, by providing them with a strong foundation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) subjects.
In addition to Republic Act No. 10533, the K to 12 curriculum is also supported by several other laws and policies, including the Philippine Constitution, which mandates the state to provide free and compulsory primary education; the Education Act of 1982, which outlines the goals and principles of basic education in the country; and the Philippine Development Plan 2011-2016, which identifies education as a key driver of economic growth and development.
The K to 12 curriculum is implemented by the Department of Education (DepEd) through the National Educators Academy of the Philippines (NEAP) and the Philippine Normal University (PNU). The DepEd also works closely with other government agencies, civil society organizations, and private sector partners to ensure the effective implementation and continuous improvement of the K to 12 curriculum.
Overall, the legal basis for the K to 12 curriculum in the Philippines is grounded in the country's commitment to provide its citizens with quality basic education that will prepare them for higher education, employment, and active citizenship in the 21st century global economy.