Harappan civilisation town planning. [Expert Verified] Town planning in harrapan and mesopotiam civilisation 2022-10-27

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The Harappan civilization, also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, was one of the earliest and most advanced urban civilizations in the world. It flourished in the region now known as Pakistan and northwest India between 2500 and 1900 BCE. One of the most impressive aspects of the Harappan civilization was its town planning.

The cities of the Harappan civilization were carefully planned and organized, with a clear emphasis on functionality and efficiency. The streets were laid out in a grid pattern, with wide, well-paved roads that were used for both pedestrian and vehicle traffic. The houses were typically built of brick and were equipped with indoor plumbing and sewage systems.

One of the most striking features of the Harappan cities was their use of the grid pattern for their streets. This allowed for easy navigation and made it possible for people to find their way around the city quickly and efficiently. The grid pattern also facilitated the movement of goods and supplies, as it allowed for easy access to the various markets and trading centers within the city.

The Harappans were also skilled engineers and were able to construct sophisticated systems for waste management and water supply. They built an extensive network of drains and sewage channels to keep the streets and homes clean and hygienic. The water supply was equally well-planned, with an elaborate system of wells, reservoirs, and channels to ensure a consistent and reliable supply of clean water.

In addition to their advanced infrastructure, the Harappan cities also had a number of public buildings and facilities, including granaries, warehouses, and temples. These buildings were often located in the central part of the city, and were used for the storage and distribution of food and other supplies.

Overall, the town planning of the Harappan civilization was highly advanced and well-organized, and played a crucial role in the success and prosperity of the civilization. Its sophisticated infrastructure and public facilities allowed for a high level of urbanization and facilitated trade and commerce, making the Harappan civilization one of the most advanced and successful urban civilizations in the ancient world.

Town Planning System of Indus Valley Civilization (Harappan Civilization)

harappan civilisation town planning

People of many communities lived there. Drainage System of Harappan cities: The Indus Valley Civilization had cities that were equipped with complex water and sewage systems. The water was discharged by a huge drain with corbelled roof more than 6 ft in depth. Historians differ as to the purpose for which the house was built. The staircases of big buildings were solid; the roofs were flat and were made of wood. Bathing rooms had tightly fitted brick floors which made them more or less waterproof.

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Harappa: An Overview of Harappan Architecture & Town Planning

harappan civilisation town planning

The fortifications also provided protection against floods and served as the hallmark of social authority over the area they commanded. Houses with single, double, and more rooms attached with a very good drainage system were found in many of the sites of Indus Valley. The doors of the houses opened in these lanes and not the main streets. The walls were very thick which suggests that some of the houses were double storeyed- Square holes on the walls remind that the upper floors and roof rested on wooden beams. The major cities found in the excavation are Harappa, Mohenjodaro, Mehrgarh, and Ganeriwala in modern-day Pakistan, and Lothal, Dholavira, Surkotada, Rakhigarhi, and Rupal in modern-day India. This controlled access to the main workshop areas of Mound E and also faced the smaller Mound ET that was again another caravanserai for traders engaging in trade with this area. These drains were covered with manholes bricks or stone slabs which could be removed for cleaning were constructed at regular intervals by the side of the streets for cleaning.

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Harappan Civilization: Town Planning

harappan civilisation town planning

The cities without citadel are found on high mounds. The floor of the bath had five layers. The wastes traveled from the flushing toilets into one of many sewage pipes that carried out the waste into a river or sea if the waste did not go into a pipe then it went into a cesspool. Each home featured a soak pit and drainage system connected to the general drainage system. The uniformity is noticed in the layout of the towns, streets, structures, brick size, drains, etc.

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Indus Valley Civilization Town Planning

harappan civilisation town planning

Houses: The Harappan people used burnt bricks for constructing their house. Individual house drains, each one with its own sump pit, opened into the street drains, which in their turn opened into the great culverts emptying into the river. Bricks were used to make the soak pits. An advanced civilization whose architecture continues to be the center of historical debate for so many because so many remains are excavated and unexplored. Harappa and the city of Mohenjo-Daro were the greatest achievements of the Indus valley civilization. L-shaped bricks were preferred for corners.

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Harappan Civilization

harappan civilisation town planning

Further seals were found and similar seals were found in Town Planning at Harappa Harappa is located near the Ravi River, which is a tributary of the upper Indus region. Drains were built on either side of the roads. Walled areas were spread around a central depression that might have been a reservoir and each major mound was surrounded by a mud brick wall, with brick gateways and bastions located at intervals on every face like modern forts. Here the roads are neither always straight nor do they necessarily cut each other at right angles and systematic drainage is the exception than the rule. Town Planning of Harappan Civilizationis a unique feature that gives evidence of a highly evolved and civilized lifestyle. It has a flight of steps at either end and is fed by a well, situated in one of the adjoining rooms. The civilization's nuclear dates appear to be between 250 and 1700 BCE.

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What was the city planning of Harappa?

harappan civilisation town planning

Lower Town: This was the residential area where the common people lived. No roof tiles have so far been traced. About fifty miles eastward of Toolumba, I passed inland for four miles to examine the ruins of an ancient city, called Harappa. The streets were broad varying from 9 feet to 34 feet. The main sewer was connected to all of the north to south and east to west sewers, as it ran through the city. There were courtyards attached to big buildings.

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Short Essay on the Town

harappan civilisation town planning

This could be to combat flooding in the nearby areas. Mud mortar and gypsum cement are also in evidence, and mud plaster and gypsum plaster are also found to have been used. In Harappa, two rows of six granaries each were supported by a series of brick platforms. Urban and Town planning of the Harappan Civilization The Harappa town planning has amazed the archaeologists worldwide. Town Planning of Harappan cities: a The pattern of Houses: Archeological excavations at Mohenjo-Daro exposed that the city of Mohenjo-Daro was divided into two sections: the citadel and the lower town. The higher and upper portion of the city was protected by a construction which looks like a fort.

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Town Planning of Harappan or Indus Valley Civilization: Key Facts

harappan civilisation town planning

It was a gigantic storehouse for grain, cotton and other merchandise. Possibly, perforated lattices were used as windows or ventilators at the top of the wall. Banawali Haryana was one more fortified town of the Harappan civilization. The roofs were flat and were enclosed by a parapet. The main streets ran parallel to each other, cut at right angles by smaller, streets, dividing the cities into rectangular blocks.

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Town

harappan civilisation town planning

Burned bricks and a well-drained system were used to construct streets in the same engineering-based fashion. Streets were also construed in an engineering style and also made up of burnt bricks and having well drainage system. Population: The population of the city gradually increased and the big houses were divided into smaller ones. The house was propped up by wooden pillars. They were plain, utilitarian and comfortable to live. The houses can be divided into three main groups viz.

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Town Planning of Harappan Civilization

harappan civilisation town planning

The ancient well and bathing platforms were still used in recent historical times as well. The streets ran in straight lines and crossed one another at right angles. What was the plan of the city of Mohenjo Daro? On all four sides are the remains of chambers and galleries. At Lothal, a brick structure has been identified as a dockyard meant for berthing ships and handling cargo. It is also possible that it was the community-kitchen for the residents of the town. The basic lay­out of large Harappan cities and towns shows a regular orientation. These were used for storing grain.

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