Govt of india act 1858. Govt Of India Act 1858 [m34movg70zl6] 2022-11-06
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The Government of India Act 1858 was a piece of legislation passed by the British Parliament that marked the beginning of direct British rule in India. Prior to this act, the East India Company had been given the authority to govern India on behalf of the British Crown. However, following the Indian Rebellion of 1857, it was decided that direct rule by the British government was necessary in order to maintain order and stability in the region.
The Government of India Act 1858 transferred the powers of the East India Company to the British Crown and established a new system of governance for India. It created the office of the Secretary of State for India, who was responsible for the administration of India and was answerable to the British Parliament. The act also established a Council of India, which was composed of high-ranking officials who advised the Secretary of State on matters related to India.
One of the main provisions of the Government of India Act 1858 was the creation of a new system of administration in India. The act divided India into provinces, each of which was governed by a chief commissioner or lieutenant governor. These officials were responsible for the administration of justice, the maintenance of law and order, and the development of infrastructure in their respective provinces.
The Government of India Act 1858 also introduced a number of reforms to the Indian legal system. It established a system of courts and established the principle of judicial review, which allowed the courts to review the decisions of the executive branch of government. The act also introduced a system of appeals, which allowed individuals to challenge decisions made by the lower courts.
In addition to these administrative and legal reforms, the Government of India Act 1858 also made provisions for the education and welfare of Indians. It established a system of education, which provided for the establishment of schools and colleges throughout India. The act also provided for the establishment of hospitals and other institutions to promote the welfare of Indians.
Overall, the Government of India Act 1858 was a significant piece of legislation that marked the beginning of direct British rule in India. It introduced a number of important reforms, including the creation of a new system of administration, the establishment of a system of courts, and the promotion of education and welfare for Indians. Its legacy can still be seen in the contemporary governance of India.
Government of India Act 1858
All appointments to offices, commands, and employments in India, and all promotions, which by law or under any regulations, usage, or custom, are now made by any authority in India, shall continue to be made in India by the like authority, and subject to the qualifications, conditions, and restrictions now affecting such appointments respectively; but the Secretary of State in Council, with the concurrence of a majority of members present at a meeting, shall have the like power to make regulations for the division and distribution of patronage and power of nomination among the several authorities in India, and the like power of restoring to their stations, offices, or employments, officers and servants suspended or removed by any authority in India as might have been exercised by the said Court of Directors, with the approbation of the Commissioners for the affairs of India, if this Act had not been passed. Every member of the Council appointed or elected under this Act shall hold. All powers by this Act required to be exercised by the Secretary of State in Council, and all powers of the Council, shall and may be exercised at meetings of such Council, at which not less than five members shall be present, and at every meeting the Secretary of State, or in his absence the Vice-President, if present, shall preside, and in the absence of the Secretary of State and Vice-President, one of the members of the Council present shall be chosen by the members present to preside at the meeting; and such Council may act notwithstanding any vacancy therein: meetings of the Council shall be so convened and held when and as the Secretary of State shall from time to time direct; provided that one such meeting at least be held in every week. At that time the queen of the British was Queen Victoria and she had the responsibility for the administration of British India. They were the General Governor of India who represented the Crown in India. The British Governor-General of India was now also given the title of viceroy which means the representative of the monarch.
Dear students, Jagran josh is presenting you a modern history quiz set of 10 MCQs based on Government of India Act, after 1858. When were Morley-Minto reforms taken place? Which of the following is not the provision of the government of India Act, 1858? Besides covering relevant news and current affairs, this web portal analyses different socio-political and religious issues from subaltern perspectives aiming to give voice to the oppressed and marginalised sections of the society. The British Parliament has the authority to question the secretary of state about the affairs of the states in India. The control of the British government in India was transferred to the British crown. Lord Canning thus became the first Viceroy of India. The first State Secretary of India, Edward Stanley introduced this bill during the 15th earl of derby where it is said that this act was created for the improved Governance of India.
UPSC Note on Government Of India Act 1858 by Unacademy
Which of the following is not the provision of The Act of 1892? The Government of India Act 1858 assumes great significance as it was enacted in response to the great revolt of 1857, also known as the First War of Indian Independence. There shall be paid to each member of the Council the yearly salary of one thousand two hundred pounds, out of the revenues of India. Sepoy mutiny was a revolt that started on 10th May 1857 by the soldiers of Indians. A minister of the British government, called the secretary of state, was made responsible for the government of India. The major part of the persons to be elected by the Court of Directors, and the major part of the persons to be first appointed by Her Majesty after the passing of this Act, to be members of the Council, shall be persons who shall have served or resided in India for ten years at the least, and excepting in the case of late and present Directors and officers on the Home establishment of the Fast India Company who shall have so served or resided shall not have last left India more than ten years next preceding the date of their appointment: and no person other than a person so qualified shall be appointed or elected to fill any vacancy in the Council unless at the time of the appointment or election nine at the least of the continuing members of the Council be persons qualified as aforesaid. It declared Queen Victoria as the sovereign of British India. Save as herein otherwise provided, one of Her Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State shall have and perform all such or the like powers and duties over all officers appointed or continued under this Act, as might or should have been exercised or performed by the East India Company, or by the Court of Directors or Court of Proprietors of the said Company, either alone or by the direction or with the sanction or approbation of the Commissioners for the affairs of India in relation to such government or revenues, and the officers and servants of the said Company respectively, and also all such powers as might have been exercised by the said Commissioners alone; and any warrant or writing under Her Majesty's Royal Sign Manual, which by the Act of the session holders in the seventeenth and eighteenth years of Her Majesty, chapter seventy-seven, or otherwise, is required to be countersigned by the President of the Commissioner for the affairs of India, shall in lieu of being so countersigned be countersigned by one of Her Majesty's principal secretaries of State.
GK Quiz on Modern History: Government of India Act, Post
For more UPSC preparation study material, mock trials, and online one-on-one tutoring, visit Unacademy. Notwithstanding the above criticism, the 1858 Act, however, reaffirmed the system of open competition first introduced by the Charter Act 1833. The civil services of India were established to help the Indian administration to function very smoothly. London: Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press, 1922, 370-382. Crown appointed the Viceroy and the Governor of the different presidencies. The Secretary of State for India would have full control and authority over the administration of India and he also was blessed with the power that he could secretly dispatch an army to India without discussing it with his council. Every order or communication proposed to be sent to India, and every order proposed to be made in the United Kingdom, by the Secretary of State under this Act, shall, unless the same has been submitted to a meeting of the Council, be placed in the Council room for the perusal of all members of the Council during seven days before the sending or making thereof, except in the cases hereinafter provided; and it shall be lawful for any member of the Council to record in a minute book, to be kept for that purpose, his opinion with respect to each such order or communication, and a copy of every opinion so recorded shall be sent forthwith to the Secretary of State.
Government of India Act 1858: An Act for the Better Government of India
The Council shall, under the direction of the Secretary of State, and subject to the provisions of this Act, conduct the business transacted in the United Kingdom in relation to the Government of India and the correspondence with India, but every order or communication sent to India shall be signed by one of the Principal Secretaries of State; and, save as expressly provided by this Act, every order in the United Kingdom in relation to the Government of India under this Act shall be signed by such Secretary of State send all dispatches from Governments and Presidencies in India, and other dispatches from India, which if this Act had not been passed should have been addressed to the Court of Directors or to their Secret Committee, shall be addressed to such Secretary of State. At any meeting of the Council at which the Secretary of State is present, if there be a difference of opinion on any question other than the question of the election of a member of Council, or other than any question with regard to which a majority of the votes at a meeting is hereinafter declared to be necessary, the determination of the Secretary of State shall be final; and in case of an equality of votes at any meeting of the Council, the Secretary of State, if present, and in his absence the Vice-President, or presiding member, shall have a casting vote; and all acts done at any meeting of the Council in the absence of the Secretary of State, except the election of a member of the Council, shall require the sanction or approval in writing of the Secretary of State; and in case of difference of opinion on any question decided at any meeting, the Secretary of State may require that his opinion, and the reasons for the same, be entered in the minutes of the proceedings, and any member of the Council who may have been present at the meeting may require that his opinion, and any reason for the same that he may have stated at the meeting, be entered in like manner. He was to reside in London and was vested with complete authority and control over the Indian administration. After the 1857 revolt, The British government decided to take over the rule of India from the Company. Due to the conflicts of Britain with the other imperialist powers, India was made to serve the British economic interests. Within fourteen days after the passing of this Act the Court of Directors of the East India Company shall, from among the persons then being Directors of the said Company or having been theretofore such Directors, elect seven persons to be with the persons to be appointed by her Majesty as herein-after mentioned the first members of the Council under this Act, and the names of the persons so elected by the Court of Directors shall be forthwith, after such election, certified to the Board of Commissioners for the affairs of India, under the seal of the said Company, and it shall be lawful for Her Majesty, by Warrant under Her Royal Sign Manual, within thirty days after the passing of this Act, to appoint to be members of such Council eight persons: provided always that, if the Court of Directors of the East India Company shall refuse or shall for such fourteen days neglect to make such election of such seven persons, and to certify the names of such persons as aforesaid, it shall be lawful for Her Majesty, by warrant under Her Royal Sign Manual, within thirty days after the expiration of such fourteen days, to appoint from among the said Directors seven persons to make up the full number of the said Council: provided also that, if any person being or having been such Director, and elected or appointed as aforesaid, shall refuse to accept the office, it shall be lawful for Her Majesty, by warrant under Her Royal Sign Manual, to appoint in the place of every person so refusing some other person to be a member of the Council, but so that nine members of the Council at the least shall be persons qualified as herein-after mentioned. He was also the first Governor General of Independent India.
All treaties made by the said Company shall be binding on Her Majesty, and all contracts, covenants, liabilities, and engagements of the said Company made, incurred, or entered into before the commencement of this Act may be enforced by and against the Secretary of State in Council in like manner and in the same Courts as they might have been by and against the said Company if this Act had not been passed. It constituted the secretary of state-in-council as a body corporate, capable of suing and being sued in India and in England. The soldiers of India thought that the cartridge was made with either the fat of a pig or cow and this was opposite to the sentiments of Muslims and Hindus. Speeches and Documents on Indian Policy, 1750-1921. It provided that India henceforth was to be governed by, and in the name of, Her Majesty. The Secretary of State in Council shall, within the first fourteen days during which Parliament may be sitting next after the first day of May in every year, lay before both Houses of Parliament an account for the financial year preceding that last completed of the annual produce of the revenues of India, distinguishing the same under the respective heads thereof, at each of the several Presidencies or Governments, and of all the annual receipts and disbursements at home and abroad on account of the Government of India, distinguishing the same under the respective heads thereof, together with the latest estimate of the same for the last financial year, and also the amount of the debts chargeable on the revenues of India, with the rates of interest they respectively Barry, and the annual amount of such interest, the state of the effects and credits at each Presidency or Government, and in England or elsewhere, applicable to the purposes of the government of India, according to the latest advices which have been received thereof, and also a list of the establishment of the Secretary of State in Council, and the salaries and allowances payable in respect thereof; and if any new or increased salaries or pensions of fifty pounds a year or upwards have been granted or created within any year, the particulars thereof shall be specially stated and explained at the foot of the account of such year; and such account shall be accompanied by a statement prepared from detailed reports from each Presidency and district in India in such form as shall best exhibit the moral and material progress and condition of India in each such Presidency.
Modern History Simplified: Government of India Act 1858
The last Viceroy of India was Lord Mountbatten and he was appointed in 1947. Through the provisions of this act, the powers vested in the Court of Directors were transferred to the Secretary of State. Many British settlers and traders had increased their enthusiasm for India since 1853 and their constant objection that their interest was neglected by the company. India shall be governed by and in the name of Her Majesty; and all rights in relation to any territories which might have been exercised by the said Company if this Act had not been passed shall and may be exercised by and in the name of Her Majesty as rights incidental to the Government of India; and all the territorial and other revenues of or arising in India, and all tributes and other payments in respect of any territories which would have been receivable by or in the name of the said Company if this act had not been passed, shall be received for and in the name of Her Majesty, and shall be applied and disposed of for the purposes of the Government of India alone, subject to the provisions of this Act. It established a 15-member Council of India to assist the secretary of state for India. .
The Board of Control and the Courts of directors of the British East India Company was damaged completely. However, this council was only an advisory body. It gave stimulus that the company should not have authorization for trading and continue as a political power. Council of India The 1858 Act also established a 15-member Council of India to assist the secretary of state for India. The Viceroy and Governor General of India was the agent of the British government.
The Government of India Act 1858 is included in the UPSC Indian Polity and Governance syllabus. The Secretary of State in Council shall and may sue and be sued as well in India as in England by the name of the Secretary of State in Council as a body corporate ; and all persons and bodies politic shall and may have and take the same suits, remedies, and proceedings, legal and equitable, against the Secretary of State in Council of India as they could have done against the said Company; and the property and effects hereby vested in Her Majesty for the purposes of the Government of India, or acquired for the said purposes, shall be subject and liable to the same judgements and executions as they would while vested in the said Company have been liable to in respect of debts and liabilities lawfully contracted and incurred by the said Company. Conclusion The 1858 Act stated the transfer of the power of India to the Crown from the East India Company. This 1858 Act transform India into an immediate British colony. On August 2, 1858, the British Parliament passed the Government of India Act 1858.
