Global stratification examples. 10.1 Global Stratification and Classification 2022-10-10
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10.1 Global Stratification and Classification
Thus, when resources are unequally distributed among nations, we see inequality among nations. In fact it can be very difficult to discover where exactly the items we use everyday have come from. Many of them were the first nations to become industrialized starting in the 19th century, when the Industrial Revolution began, and their early industrialization certainly contributed to the great wealth they enjoy today. This means that as emerging economies create their own industrial zones, global companies see the opportunity for existing infrastructure and much lower costs. Thus many international organizations and scholars find it useful to further divide middle-income nations into upper-middle-income nations and lower-middle-income nations. We can be sure the workers in a Cuban cigar factory, for example, which are owned or leased by global core nation companies, are not enjoying the same privileges and rights as U.
Examples include social class discrimination and historical apartheid. In other words, the GNI of a country includes not only the value of goods and services inside the country, but also the value of income earned outside the country if it is earned by foreign nationals or foreign businesses. Global Stratification Is Affecting Our World Sociology Essay. See The most popular measure of economic inequality, and one used by the World Bank, is the Gini coefficient. Slavery While most of us are accustomed to thinking of slavery in terms of pre—Civil War America, modern-day slavery goes hand in hand with global inequality.
There are two major challenges that these countries face: women are disproportionately affected by poverty in a trend toward a global feminization of poverty and much of the population lives in absolute poverty. Not surprisingly, many more people in the latter nations live in dire economic circumstances than those in the former nations. They may find it harder to achieve social mobility making it hard to move into the middle class due to employment discrimination and lack of 2. There are currently 55 countries on this list, including Argentina, Botswana, China, Iraq, and South Africa. Chattel slavery, the form of slavery practised in the pre—Civil War American South, is when one person owns another as property.
In short, subjective poverty has more to do with how a person or a family defines themselves. For example, Wallerstein contends that the United States is an economic powerhouse that can support or deny support to important economic legislation with far-reaching implications, thus exerting control over every aspect of the global economy and exploiting both semi-peripheral and peripheral nations. Organizations like the Better Factories Cambodia program inspect garment production regularly in Cambodia, enabling stores like Mountain Equipment Co-op to purchase reports on the factory chains it relies on. We now highlight the basic differences among these three categories of nations. Between 2000 and 2013, 290,000 manufacturing jobs were lost Tiessen, 2014. Fajnzylber, Pablo, Daniel Lederman, and Norman Loayza. We can look at free trade agreements such as the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement NAFTA as an example of how a core nation is able to leverage its power to gain the most advantageous position within the system of global trade.
An additional reason is especially illuminating: when women in poor nations acquire extra money, they typically spend it on food, clothing, and medicine, essentials for their families. India and other semi-peripheral countries have emerging infrastructures and education systems to fill their needs, without core nation costs. The Times London , p. We revisit their plight in Global Poverty In addition to classifying nations according to their ranking on a stratification typology, scholars and international organizations also determine the level of poverty in each nation. However, once the fuel crisis of the 1970s hit and people in the United States increasingly looked to imported cars with better gas mileage, U. To the extent a culture of poverty might exist, it is best seen as a logical and perhaps even inevitable outcome of, and adaptation to, the problem of being poor and not the primary force driving poverty itself.
In a society, stratification occurs in different forms, such that the way people group themselves with regards to wealth, power and prestige determines the type of stratification. According to sociologists Neckerman and Torche 2007 in their analysis of global inequality studies, the consequences of poverty are many. What is global stratification? At first glance, it seems this theory ignores the formerly low-income nations that are now considered middle-income nations and are on their way to becoming high-income nations and major players in the global economy, such as China. As A third problem concerns exactly what is meant by poverty. R now, in part, present-day Russia.
Global Stratification Is Affecting Our World Sociology Essay
Brazil, Thailand, China, and Namibia are examples of middle-income nations World Bank, 2011. Consider the controversy surrounding female genital mutilation. The main disadvantage of old culture is the reluctance to change. Some dependency theorists also say that poor nations should limit their importation of goods from wealthy nations, and that wealthy nations should even be forbidden from investing in poor nations. Ann Arbor: National Poverty Center, University of Michigan; Turner, M.
9.1 The Nature and Extent of Global Stratification
When Protestantism has emerged, it cherished new values, and the money was considered a reward for hard work. The most commonly accepted explanation for why global stratification exists is the " dependency theory," which posits that some nations are poor because their economic growth was stunted by colonization and continues to be stunted by the stealing of resources and exploitative corporations that are backed by corrupt governments from countries that were quicker to industrialize. Global stratification refers to the unequal distribution of wealth, power, and prestige on a global basis, which results in people having vastly different Lifestyles and life chances both within and among the nations of the world. In the period of colonialism, core or metropolis nations created the conditions for the underdevelopment of peripheral or hinterland nations through a metropolis-hinterland relationship. Wealthy Nations The wealthy nations are the most industrialized nations, and they consist primarily of the nations of North America and Western Europe; Australia, Japan, and New Zealand; and certain other nations in the Middle East and Asia e. What she discovers is that the women are definitely subject to conditions of hyper-exploitation, but are also disembedded from the rural, Confucian, traditional culture in a manner that provides them with unprecedented personal freedoms.
