Difference between mitosis and meiosis cell division. Meiosis vs. Mitosis: Comparison 2022-10-23
Difference between mitosis and meiosis cell division Rating:
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Cell division is the process by which a single cell gives rise to two daughter cells. There are two main types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis. While both processes involve the separation of genetic material, they differ in several key ways.
Mitosis is the process of cell division that occurs in somatic cells, which are cells that make up the majority of the body's tissues and organs. During mitosis, a single parent cell divides into two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. This is because the parent cell's genome, or complete set of genetic material, is replicated prior to cell division. The replicated genome is then evenly distributed to the two daughter cells, ensuring that each cell receives the same genetic information.
Meiosis, on the other hand, is a type of cell division that occurs in reproductive cells, such as eggs and sperm. The primary function of meiosis is to produce gametes, or sex cells, that are genetically diverse. This is achieved through a process called crossing over, which occurs during the first meiotic division. During crossing over, chromosomes exchange genetic material with each other, creating new combinations of genes. The result is that each gamete receives a unique combination of genes, rather than a copy of the parent cell's genome.
In addition to the differences in genetic diversity, there are also differences in the number of daughter cells produced during each process. Mitosis results in two daughter cells, while meiosis results in four daughter cells. This is because meiosis involves two rounds of cell division, whereas mitosis only involves one.
In summary, the main difference between mitosis and meiosis is the type of cell division they perform. Mitosis is the process of cell division that occurs in somatic cells and results in two genetically identical daughter cells, while meiosis is the process of cell division that occurs in reproductive cells and results in four genetically diverse daughter cells.
Difference Between Mitosis and Meiosis
Using the information above, compare these two simplified diagrams of mitosis and meiosis to visualize why cells are haploid after meiosis I. As this is the process of asexual reproduction, it is essential for the single-celled eukaryotes. The duration of Prophase is short of few hours only and is a very simple process. In this stages, only sex cells are produced which can be either male sperm cells or female egg cells. Although in meiosis, a cell goes through these cell cycle phases twice.
The difference between mitosis and meiosis lies in the fact that, although they are cell division processes, they generate a different number of daughter cells, which also have a different number of chromosomes. Mitosis produces identical daughter cells, while meiosis produces daughter cells that are genetically different. Meiosis, on the other hands, is a special type of cell division necessary for sexual reproduction in eukaryotes. For example, trisomy 18 results from an extra chromosome 18, resulting in 47 total chromosomes. Phases of meiosis II Prophase II During prophase II, the chromosomes condense. No Topic Meiosis Mitosis 1.
Difference Between Mitosis and Meiosis (with Comparison Chart and Similarities)
There is no exchange of two chromatids of a chromosome in prophase. Mitosis takes place in four phases: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase. Right after meiosis I, the homologous chromosomes have separated into different cells. Pairing occurs of Homologs. Two diploid identical daughter cells for one cell division. Sometimes the error in such division may lead to disease also.
So during a mitotic cell cycle, the DNA content per chromosome doubles during S phase each chromosome starts as one chromatid, then becomes a pair of identical sister chromatids during S phase , but the chromosome number stays the same. The resulting gametes are not genetically identical to the parent cell. Meiosis influence stable sexual reproduction by halving of ploidy or chromosome count. Microtubules departing from the centrosome attach to the kinetochore protein structure located at the centromere of the chromosomes. During prophase, cell chromosomes get condensed, the nucleolus fades, and the mitotic spindle starts to form. These are the process of the meiosis I and then in these two newly formed cells undergoes the process of meiosis II.
The most common trisomy in viable births is Trisomy 21. Conclusion Cell division gives rise to the new daughter cells, and it is an important event that occurs in every living organisms. In meiosis, the number becomes half of the original cell. In meiosis, a single cell divides twice to produce four cells. The karyotype image above shows the homologous pairs for all the autosomes. Whereas, mitosis is the division of the cell nucleus resulting in two genetically identical daughter nuclei.
Meiosis is characterized by two processes of cell division: meiosis I and meiosis II. However, as the offspring are identical to the mother, there is no mechanism for introducing diversity. Prometaphase II The nuclear envelopes are broken down and microtubules attach themselves to the chromosomes. A chromosome is a DNA molecule that carries all or part of the hereditary information of an organism. Daughter cells produced after meiosis are genetically diverse.
Understanding the Difference Between Mitosis and Meiosis
Telophase- de-condensation of chromosomes and surrounded by nuclear membranes, formation of cleavage furrow. However, the number of times it occurs depends on what type of cell you are talking about and where that particular one happens to be located within your body. In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes are separated into different nuclei. A pair of homologous chromosomes, each consisting of a single chromatid in a daughter cell at the end of mitosis, has alleles from the father and from the mother, and counts as 2 chromosomes. Hereby, we will be studying the distinct features of Mitosis and Meiosis and how they vary from one another. The most common aneuploid condition in people is variation in the number of sex chromosomes: XO having just one copy of the X , XXX, or XYY.
The non-identical sister chromatids are pulled to opposite ends of the cells. Chromosomes by definition contain the DNA that makes up the fundamental genome of the cell. The primary difference between these divisions is the differing goals of each process. It starts with a diploid cell that has undergone chromosomal DNA replication: 2N chromosomes, 4X DNA content. The chromosome number, N, in eukaryotes, refers to the number of chromosomes in a haploid cell, or gamete sperm or egg cell. Nondisjunction occurs in one of these cells when one of the sister chromatids does not separate.
Finally, the cytoplasm of the cell splits, and two new, genetically identical daughter cells are formed. One cell division occurs. Mitosis occurs via four phases: Figure 02: Mitosis Prior to mitosis, DNA replication should happen in order to double the number of chromosomes. The number of chromatids changes from 2X in G1 to 4X in G2 and back to 2X, but the number of chromosomes stays the same. In G2, after DNA replication in S phase, as cell enter mitotic prophase, each chromosome consists of a pair of identical sister chromatids, where each chromatid contains a linear DNA molecule that is identical to the joined sister. Sister chromatids separate during anaphase II then go on to form two new chromosomes The result is that each gamete cell has only half of the genetic information as the original parent cell. No Genetic variation takes place.
Difference between mitosis and meiosis in tabular form
On the other hand, the process is Prophase is complicated and is longer it may last for days. Telophase II The sister chromatids reach opposite ends of the cells. Each daughter cell gets one complete set of chromosomes, i. Hence, we can consider this too as a difference between cell division and mitosis. Sister chromatids do not separate in anaphase I.
