Define harvest index. Harvest index and straw yield of five classes of wheat 2022-10-31
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Harvest index is a measure of the efficiency of a plant in converting its photosynthetic biomass into yield. It is calculated by dividing the total yield of a plant by its total biomass, and is expressed as a percentage. The harvest index reflects the relative allocation of a plant's resources towards growth and reproduction, as well as its ability to withstand environmental stress.
Plants allocate their resources towards different functions such as growth, maintenance, and reproduction. The harvest index reflects the proportion of a plant's biomass that is allocated towards yield, or the production of seeds, fruits, or other reproductive structures. A high harvest index indicates that a plant has invested a large proportion of its resources towards yield, while a low harvest index indicates that a plant has invested more of its resources towards growth or maintenance.
The harvest index can vary significantly among different plant species and varieties. For example, some crops such as rice and wheat have relatively high harvest indices, while others such as soybeans and peanuts have lower harvest indices. The harvest index can also be influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, moisture, and nutrient availability.
The harvest index is an important measure of plant productivity and is often used in agricultural research to evaluate the yield potential of different plant varieties. It is also used to identify factors that may limit plant growth and yield, such as nutrient deficiencies or pests and diseases. Improving the harvest index of crops through breeding and agronomic practices can lead to increased yields and more efficient use of resources.
Overall, the harvest index is a useful metric for assessing the efficiency of a plant in converting its biomass into yield, and can be used to improve the productivity and sustainability of agricultural systems.
USE OF AD INDEX TO DEFINE HARVEST TIME AND CHARACTERIZE RIPENING VARIABILITY AT HARVEST IN 'GALA' APPLE
Harvest index is defined as the pounds of grain divided by the total pounds of above ground biomass stover plus grain. The amount of stover produced each crop year depends on weather, soils and management practices like fertilizer and pest control applications. In this review two main ways for improvement of maize HI are suggested: Increase in kernel setting and decrease of vegetative shoot biomass. Hence, for the better utilization of all of these, the human body required a food in a proper dose. Environmental factors also influences the harvest index and ultimately yield of a crop. Harvest index for different crops: For each crop, harvest index vary and for production of a crop per hectare on international basis, the value of H.
And it is different for each crop. During excessively wet or dry years when grain yields are reduced, the harvest index is usually lower higher stover yield than grain yield. Corn stover is made up of the stalk, leaves, husks and tassels left in the field after harvesting the grain with a combine. Soft white winter wheat under irrigation in the Pacific Northwest produced the highest straw yield. Using on-going variety performance trials in eight states, a total of 255 varietal trial entriess from five classes of wheat were surveyed for above-ground biomass. The amount of wheat straw available as cellulosic feedstock in a state or wheat class can be estimated using the grain yield estimates provided by the National Agricultural Statistics Service and the class specific HI.
Harvest index and straw yield of five classes of wheat
This study focused on the definition of the proper harvesting time of the ‘Gala’ fruit in Piedmont growing areas using the I AD non invasive method. After this proof of concept increase of maize HI is possible without grain yield losses , the identification of the responsible physiological mechanisms is necessary in order to apply the knowledge to other maize genotypes and to a broader range of growth conditions, eventually contributing to a more sustainable crop production. As a general rule, the amount of stover produced is about the same as the amount of grain produced. The yield of a crop can be basically depends upon many factors that may be endogenous factors or exogenous factors. For questions or comments, please contact. The development of innovative methods for reducing the ripening variability is essential, so that fruits apparently homogeneous on the basis of the quality traits normally used can be more reliably classified in uniform groups allowing a better post-harvest management.
Thus, it can be used as selection criterion for the productivity of a crop. The grain is the most economically valuable part of the corn plant and management decisions should be based on maximizing profit from grain yield. Differences in the amount of precipitation and cultivars were the major contributors to the variation detected within wheat classes. In salt-stressed maize plants which are particularly prone to kernel abortion, a decrease in plasma membrane H +-ATPase activity in kernels was found around pollination. This is commonly expressed in a ratio called harvest index. With advanced breeding, genetics and more intensive management, higher crop yields can be achieved with the same size plant, resulting in higher harvest index. Mostly, modern cultivars have 0.
In normal years, the harvest index generally hovers around 0. This study was conducted to evaluate straw yield potential and its relationship with grain yield for wheat Triticum spp. While this is a good rule of thumb and can be used to estimate stover production on various fields, it is important to understand that this number can vary widely from year-to-year and from soil type to soil type. During the last decades, the harvest index HI of many agricultural crops e. Soft red winter wheat in Kentucky had, on average, the highest HI and lowest straw yield among regions and wheat classes. Harvest index is the major factor which affects the crop production. Harvest index for bioenergy crop research plots at various locations for 2009 to 2012.
Harvest Index of Maize (Zea mays L.): Are There Possibilities for Improvement?
. In maize, opposite to wheat, a close positive correlation exists between dry matter accumulation and grain yield. As with the passage of time, the population is increasing day by day, food is required more and hence yield of a crop is required in higher amount. For the reduction of vegetative biomass, the focus lies on the the phytohormones gibberellins GAs. Optimum plant height is considered as an important trait for avoiding lodging, thus maximizes harvest index. Cereals are those crop which provide the edible seeds like rice, wheat , lentil is considered as cereals. The DA-Meter allow to collect a consistent amount of data and can be easily “instruct” to represent potentially a real time ”decision support system” for the choice of the cultural management techniques to be adopted.
These cereals are the rich source of carbohydrates, provide many minerals, and also provide protein and as a rich source of vitamins. Wheat straw is a potential cellulosic feedstock for bioethanol. These factors are not same for all crops but variation exists. Table 1 shows data from Table 1. Notice that within the same year, there is variation in the harvest index.
Stover can be harvested and used as a livestock feed, converted into ethanol or burned for heat or electricity. The DA-Meter device do not require the destruction of the fruit sample considered and allow to monitor the fruit growth and the ripening evolution in planta. Written by: Khadija Tehseen Arshad University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Harvest index is not necessarily something that you should manage directly. This is due to the variability in soil types, geographic distribution of rain and to a lesser extent, management of the corn crop. Hard red winter wheat in the southern plain states of Texas and Oklahoma had, on average, the lowest HI. As new opportunities arise for harvesting corn stover for livestock feed or for bioenergy, farmers will want to keep better track of how much stover they have left in the field after harvest and the value of that stover.
