Causes of rural migration. 5 CAUSES OF RURAL 2022-11-07
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Rural migration refers to the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas, either within the same country or across international borders. This phenomenon has been occurring for centuries and has had significant impacts on both the rural and urban areas involved. In this essay, we will explore some of the causes of rural migration.
One of the main causes of rural migration is economic opportunities. Urban areas generally have a greater variety and abundance of job opportunities, particularly in industries such as manufacturing, service, and technology. Rural areas, on the other hand, tend to have a more limited range of job opportunities, often centered around agriculture and resource extraction. As a result, many people living in rural areas may see moving to an urban area as a way to improve their economic prospects and provide a better future for themselves and their families.
Another cause of rural migration is access to education and healthcare. Urban areas generally have more educational institutions and healthcare facilities, which can be difficult to access in rural areas due to their remote locations. This can be particularly important for families with children, as access to education can be a key factor in determining future opportunities and success. Similarly, access to healthcare can be a major concern for rural residents, particularly for those with chronic or serious health conditions.
Political instability and conflict can also drive rural migration. In some cases, people may feel forced to leave their homes due to civil unrest, violence, or persecution. In other cases, people may see migration as a way to escape poverty or social inequality, which may be more prevalent in rural areas due to a lack of government support and infrastructure.
Finally, environmental factors can also play a role in rural migration. For example, natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, or floods can destroy homes and disrupt communities, leading people to seek out more stable and secure living conditions in urban areas. Similarly, climate change can affect agriculture and other resource-based industries in rural areas, leading to economic uncertainty and prompting people to look for opportunities elsewhere.
In conclusion, there are many causes of rural migration, including economic opportunities, access to education and healthcare, political instability, and environmental factors. Understanding these causes can help policymakers and communities address the challenges and impacts of rural migration and work towards more sustainable and equitable development.
5 CAUSES OF RURAL
People in rural areas are exposed to films, radio programs and recent television series from cities. Those farmers who used to keep livestock lose market for their products like manure thus being forced to look for alternatives in urban areas Goldscheider, 27. Although such movement prevents starvation, their economic situation is unaffected. Rural people when offered with better options of earning living which are not demanding like rural farming and which is more financially rewarding, they are likely to accept. .
Pull factors includes; employment, higher incomes, better healthcare and education, urban facilities and way of life and protection from war and conflict. Depending on the country, farming gives seasonal employment with no enough income to sustain rural people thus being forced to move to urban areas in search for better and well paying jobs McCatty, 9. The large increase in city populations, in turn, created many health issues such as unclean living conditions, prevalent crime, and greater fire risk. Due to these movement trends, there are more urban slums and sidewalk houses, which leads to poor living conditions in urban cities. Issues faced in Rural Areas - Changes in educational system as a result of what is being taught in school vary from their traditional norms. Urban Informal Sector Unlike the formal counterpart of urban informal sector, there are activities of all kind which are unregulated and small scale in nature. Rural-urban migration is facilitated by pull and push factors that forces people influx from countryside to cities.
Table of contents Rural-urban migration is the movement of people from rural areas to urban centers in search of employment and better living conditions among others. Rural Migration: Gender Dimension Male migration over longer periods of time and to farther-off regions, primarily to work as unpaid laborers, is another facet of migration. Children are occasionally gradually incorporated into the workforce in a supportive capacity, if not directly. In addition, economic forces may act as additional motivating factors for significant population movement through opportunities for capital investment in the manufacturing, processing, and other industries, business depressions or fluctuations, changes in technology and technology transfer, expansion or establishment of economic organizations resulting in the need for a particular type of labor force, and changes to the economic-administrative structure. Developmental policies in various countries are more concerned with poverty alleviation resulting to economic growth.
This viewpoint emphasizes the "pull factor" for greater economic chances by viewing labor migration as a free decision made in response to a variety of geographic economic prospects Jacob, 2008. In rural areas, cultural values and norms undergo changes due to influence from foreign entities and missionaries. Neo-classical economists, on the other hand, see labor mobility as a migrant's rational decision to migrate from a poor agricultural rural location to a richer industrial urban one Mosse et al. Some becomes successful business people with several employees thus earning more income. This triggers their movement from rural to urban for search of better opportunities. But finance and time have been the major constraints to the realization of this project work. In those countries with agricultural based economy, those residents who are poor lack access to resources thus high level of inequitable and inequality distribution of resources.
In the instance of development-induced displacement, individuals are frequently the poorest of the poor in the region and are often the victims, and are compelled to leave for their existence. Rural-urban migration influences urban growth with expansion of cities and towns covering greater land. What motivated rural to urban migration? Although rural-urban migration is an integral part of development it is significant for people to understand its causes and consequence for formulation and implementation of effective policies to encourage economic growth. Urban planners and decision makers are more concerned with causes and consequences of rural-urban migration and their relationship with economic growth and urbanization. Poverty Poverty is experienced globally in third world nations especially by rural population. Rural-urban migration is most prevalent in developing countries. During economic recession they are the first people to be affected.
Frequently Asked Questions What affects did migration have on rural cities? As a result, the general observation demonstrates that people of all classes, even the wealthy, frequently relocate. In other words, the'multi-locational' means of the rural poor in India. Living condition for most rural people have changed for better with improved medical care, improved health and longevity which has contributed to increase in population in rural areas thus pressure on the limited resources. As a result, it doesn't do much to help with home maintenance on a daily basis. Rural land tenure and pattern of inheritance is another factor resulting in voluntary rural urban migration.
Most people in urban areas create their own employments, start their businesses and even work as a small-scale family enterprise. Many people are not able to cope with this situation in rural areas and they opt for urban areas where they can have better life with access to all these facilities. For no reason should you copy word for word verbatim as samphina. However, this is not a singular instance involving only the Santhals; women from many impoverished, landless rural homes, when the men relocate to urban regions in quest of employment, also experience identical issues. As opposed to being purely economic, they also describe migration as a "dynamic socio-political process" and as a component of the "normal" livelihood strategy of poor people throughout India, not just during times of crisis. People are so mired in poverty that they must relocate in order to survive. Sociological and anthropological studies have advanced beyond "push-and-pull" theories during the past fifteen years or more, and now tend to see labor migration as a complicated process that combines structure and agency and rejects the idea that "urban" work and "rural" life are fundamentally distinct.
Poverty, unemployment, and underdevelopment rise as a result of mass migration. The aim of providing this material is to reduce the stress of moving from one school library to another all in the name of searching for research materials. Bullying, death threats and disown from society as a result of certain offense may force one seek refuge in urban areas where there is no cultural or community rules to be followed. In rural areas people have little education and their payment is low. However, these distinctions are not always clear-cut.
There were also more jobs in the city, so migration to cities from rural areas increased and expanded the business market as opposed to the farming industry. Voluntary factors such as better employment opportunities force people to move to urban areas. Rural-urban migration is facilitated by pull and push factors that forces people influx from countryside to cities. Women are obliged to seek employment as wage labor in the nearby villages because they are responsible for taking care of their homes and cattle on their own when the males are abroad. Theoretical Perspectives on Reasons for Rural Migration While migration is increasingly recognized as a major factor in the lives of the rural poor in India, there are several reasons pointed out for the same. Rural-urban migration is most prevalent in developing countries. Perhaps, this movement may be as a result of inadequacy of socio amenities in the rural areas, searching for white collar jobs, educational purposes etc.
